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Place and time

Why two cities can show different Panchangs

A tithi ends at one instant everywhere, but each city starts its day at its own sunrise. See how one change gives Kolkata and Mumbai different days.

01 · One change, six sunrises

The change is shared; the sunrise is not.

A tithi ends at one instant for the whole world. India keeps one clock, but the Sun rises in Kolkata almost an hour before Mumbai. A change that falls between their sunrises gives the two cities different Panchang days.

One tithi change and six city sunrises, 7 January 2026 Chaturthi ends at 06:53 IST on 7 January 2026, the same instant everywhere. Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru and Hyderabad see sunrise before it, so their Panchang day is Chaturthi. Mumbai and Delhi see sunrise after it, so theirs is Panchami. Chaturthi Panchami 06:53 · Chaturthi ends KolkataChaturthiChennaiChaturthiBengaluruChaturthiHyderabadChaturthiMumbaiPanchamiDelhiPanchami 06:0006:1506:3006:4507:0007:1507:30 7 JANUARY 2026 · SUNRISE IN EACH CITY, IST
7 January 2026Chaturthi ends at 06:53 IST. Choose a city to compare its sunrise.
Sunrise times and the tithi change from the site’s Panchang, in IST.

02 · Other clocks

Abroad, the instant is the same; only the clock reading changes.

Outside India the same change is written in local time. What decides the day is still where it falls against that city’s own sunrise.

One instant written on different clocks The end of Chaturthi is one instant: 06:53 in India, 01:23 UTC and 01:23 in London. Each city compares that instant with its own sunrise. In Kolkata it came after sunrise, so the day is Chaturthi; in Mumbai and London it came before sunrise, so the day is Panchami. THE END OF CHATURTHI, 7 JANUARY 2026 Kolkata06:53 ISTafter sunrise at 06:18ChaturthiMumbai06:53 ISTbefore sunrise at 07:13PanchamiUTC01:23London01:23 GMTbefore sunrise at 08:04Panchami
London’s sunrise from the site’s Panchang for London.

One instant, many sunrises

A tithi, nakshatra, yoga or karana changes when the Sun and Moon, seen from Earth’s centre, reach a particular angle. That happens at one instant for the whole world. Each place writes the instant in its own clock time, but it is the same event.

Each city’s Panchang day, though, starts at its own sunrise. Whether a change falls before or after that sunrise decides which value names the day.

Kolkata and Mumbai on 7 January 2026

India keeps a single clock, IST, but it spans about 30° of longitude, so the Sun rises in the east of the country long before the west. On 7 January 2026, Chaturthi tithi ended at 06:53 IST.

City Sunrise (IST) Day named
Kolkata 06:18 Chaturthi
Chennai 06:33 Chaturthi
Bengaluru 06:43 Chaturthi
Hyderabad 06:47 Chaturthi
Mumbai 07:13 Panchami
Delhi 07:14 Panchami

Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru and Hyderabad saw sunrise while Chaturthi was still in force. Mumbai and Delhi saw it after Panchami had begun. The same date carries two different tithis across India, and both are correct for their cities.

Over 2026, Kolkata and Mumbai name the day by different tithis on 20 days and by different nakshatras on 12.

Latitude matters too

East and west are not the whole story. Delhi is north of Mumbai, and its sunrise is later in winter and earlier in summer by comparison. On 7 January they rose a minute apart; on 2 October Delhi’s sunrise came 15 minutes before Mumbai’s. Season and latitude both move a city’s sunrise.

Abroad

The same change, 06:53 IST, was 01:23 in London. London’s sunrise that day was at 08:04 GMT, after the change, so its Panchang day was Panchami, like Mumbai’s. A Panchang for a city outside India is computed from that city’s own sunrise and written in its own clock time.

The location guide lists which values change with the city and which moments are shared, including daily windows such as Rahu Kaal that divide each city’s own daylight.

Compare cities on the home page, or explore another topic in Learn.